Development of instrumental monitoring of climate parameters of the atmosphere

Abstract

Remote sensing using both ground-based and space-based
instruments is playing an increasingly important role in monitoring atmospheric
climate characteristics. The paper presents information on the network of
instrumental monitoring stations for greenhouse gases and stratospheric aerosols
created in the Roshydromet system in the early 2000s based on remote
measurements using new domestic equipment, located in various geographic zones
of Russia. The organization of such a network created the preconditions for a
detailed study of the spatiotemporal variations of climate-forming factors and
climatic parameters of the atmosphere over the territory of Russia and the
identification of their connection with various natural processes. The main results
of monitoring atmospheric parameters obtained with the help of this equipment, as
well as processing satellite information, are presented.
The long-term variability of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and their
concentrations in surface air has been studied using a method of IR Fourier
spectroscopy. A comparison with data from European stations and satellite
measurements was performed. The phase relations between variations in surface
and average concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmospheric
column are estimated. The results of long-term lidar sounding of sulfuric acid
stratospheric aerosol, aerosol of wildfires, and mid-latitude cirrus clouds are
presented, which make it possible to assess the effect of aerosol on climate.
Satellite data have revealed significant changes in the characteristics of
Northern Hemisphere jet streams and the areas of zones occupied by turbulence of
varying intensity, as indicators of climate variability. Considerations on ways to
develop instrumental monitoring of atmospheric climate parameters in the near and
medium term are formulated.