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ɋɟɡɨɧɧɵɟɢɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɁɟɦɥɢɜɫɥɨɟɤɦ
ɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
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ɎȽȻɍ©ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɢ±Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣɰɟɧɬɪɞɚɧɧɵɯª
ɊɨɫɫɢɹɝɈɛɧɢɧɫɤɭɥɄɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ
Ⱥɞɪɟɫɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɢciv@meteo.ru
Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɜɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɟɪ
ɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɞɥɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɧɚɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯɜɵɫɨɬɚɯɜ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦɫɥɨɟɤɦɧɚɞɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɦɨɪɹɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɫɟɡɨ
ɧɨɜɞɥɹɝɨɞɚ±ɜɰɟɥɨɦɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣɡɚ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɯɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɝɝɐɟɥɶɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɢɢɪɹɞɚ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ±ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɞɨɥɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɵɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɡɚ
ɨɞɢɧɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɞɚɧɧɵɯɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧ
ɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ CARDS ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɦɵɦɢɫɤɚɧɚɥɨɜɫɜɹɡɢɜɎȽȻɍ©ȼɇɂɂȽɆɂɆɐȾªɆɟɬɨɞɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹ
ɰɢɢɧɚɛɚɡɟɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɩɥɚɣɧɚȺɤɢɦɵɛɵɥɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɞɥɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɡɧɚɱɟ
ɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ
ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ
ɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɣɫɬɚɧɰɢɢɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɦɟɬɨɞɚɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɯɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɣɫɬɚɧɰɢɢɛɵɥɢɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɵɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ
ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚ
ɥɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɉɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɜɫɥɨɟ
ɤɦɢɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɟɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɉɨɦɟɪɟ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹɤɝɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɩɪɢɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢɝɨɞɚɜɰɟɥɨɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɜɫɥɨɹɯɢɤɦɋɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ Ʉɥɢɦɚɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧ
ɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɡɟɦɧɨɣɲɚɪɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɟɘɠɧɨɟɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ
ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽɄɅɂɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
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ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ +DUWPDQQ HW DO
ɋɬɟɪɢɧȽɪɭɡɚɢɞɪɊɚɧɶɤɨɜɚȻɟɤɪɹɟɜɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟɞɚɧɧɵɯɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɞɥɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɚɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ Ɂɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ
ɢɦɟɸɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɹɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɢɟɟɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɤɥɢɦɚɬɈɞɧɚɤɨɞɚɧɧɵɟɨɬɪɟɧɞɟɩɪɢɡɟɦ
ȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɈȺɑɟɪɧɵɯɂȼ
$OGXNKRY2Ⱥ&KHUQ\NK,9
ɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɧɚɞɫɭɲɟɣɢɦɟɸɬɪɹɞɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬ
ɜɧɟɫɬɢɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɬɤɧɚɞɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɨɤɚ
ɡɵɜɚɸɬɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɵɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɹɬɚɤɢɟɤɚɤɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɢɤɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨ
ɧɚɧɢɯɜɥɢɹɸɬɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɋɭɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɤɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɸɜɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɟɝɉɚɢɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɸ
ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɝɉɚ Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ « ɋɬɟɪɢɧ
+DUWPDQQHWDO,3&&ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɤɦɧɚɞɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɦɨɪɹɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯɢɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɂɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɁɟɦɥɢɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɞɥɹɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɚɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɨɪ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɞɚɧɧɵɯɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɡɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɨɧɢɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ&ɬɟ
ɪɢɧȽɪɭɡɚɢɞɪȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɨɰɟɧɤɢɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɡɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɩɟɪɢ
ɨɞɵɬɧɫɤɨɥɶɡɹɳɢɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶɜɬɱɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɊɚɧɶɤɨɜɚ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚɷɪɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢɟɟɞɨɥɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɛɵɥɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɞɥɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɚɧɰɢɣȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɑɟɪɧɵɯɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɜɰɟɥɨɦ
$OGXNKRY&KHUQ\NK&KHUQ\NK$OGXNKRYɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɥɹɟɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɶ
ɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɤɢ Ⱥɥɞɭɯɨɜ ɑɟɪɧɵɯ ɑɟɪɧɵɯ
Ⱥɥɞɭɯɨɜ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ Ɋɹɞ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɛɵɥ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɫɥɨɹɯɡɚɨɞɢɧɩɟɪɢɨɞɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɯ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɝɝ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦɫɥɨɟɤɦȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɑɟɪɧɵɯ&KHUQ\NK$OGXNKRY
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɫɥɨɟɤɦ&KHUQ\NK$OGXNKRY
ɉɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɤɥɢɦɚɬɚɜɚɠɧɵɨɰɟɧɤɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɪɹɞɚɯɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ı ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɬɪɟɧɞɵɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹɪɚɛɨɬɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɶɸɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɡɟɦɥɢɢɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɫɥɨɹɯɡɚɨɞɢɧɩɟɪɢɨɞɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɯɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɝɝɐɟɥɶɫɬɚɬɶɢ±
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪ
ɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚTɜɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦɫɥɨɟɤɦ
ɧɚɞɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɦɨɪɹɞɥɹɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹɧɚɮɨɧɟɟɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɡɚɝɝȾɥɹɞɨɫɬɢ
ɠɟɧɢɹɷɬɨɣɰɟɥɢɛɵɥɢɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵɫɪɟɞɧɢɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɬɪɟɧɞɵɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨ
ɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ
ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯɜɫɥɨɟɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɤɦɧɚɞɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɦɨɪɹɞɥɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ
ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜɢɝɨɞɚ±ɜɰɟɥɨɦɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣɡɚ
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
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ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɢ
ɫɬɢɤɞɥɹɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯɜɵɫɨɬɜɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɫɥɨɟɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɢɦɟɫɹɰɵɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɛɵɥɢɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɵɢɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ
ɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɵɫɨɬɵɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɧɢɛɵɥɢɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɨɫɨɛɨɝɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɚɧ
ɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɱɟ
ɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ«
ɋɬɟɪɢɧ(VNULGJHHWDOȺɧɚɥɢɡɞɚɧɧɵɯɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɢɦɟɟɬɫɜɨɸɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɤ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɨɜɈɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɷɬɨɝɨ±ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹɜɵɫɨɬɚɩɨɞɴ
ɟɦɚɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɚȾɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɦɢɤɚɤ
ɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɬɚɤɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɲɢɛɨɤɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɜɵɫɨɬɨɣɩɨɥɟɬɚɡɨɧɞɨɜɋɬɟɪɢɧ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɤɪɨɦɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɜɵɫɨɬɵɩɨɥɟɬɨɜɡɨɧɞɨɜɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɭɸɬɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɪɹɞɨɜɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɢɢɯɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɫɦɟɧɚɞɚɬ
ɱɢɤɨɜɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ(VNULGJHHWDO
*DIIHQɉɪɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ
ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ
ɲɢɪɨɬɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɨ ± ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ
ȺɮɪɢɤɚɢɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɢɟɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɈɞɧɨɣɢɡɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧ
ɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɟɝɨɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɞɨɥɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɯ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɁɚɝɝɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟɝɥɨɛɚɥɶ
ɧɨɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɞɥɹɫɥɨɹɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɤɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɤɨɥɨɤɦ
ɞɥɹ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɨɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɨɤɨɥɨ ɤɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟɱɢɫɥɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɢɭɪɨɜɧɟɣȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɑɟɪɧɵɯ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵCARDS&RPSUHKHQVLYH$HURORJLFDO
5HIHUHQFH'DWD6HW(VNULGJHHWDOɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɯɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɑɟɪɧɵɯɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɧɵɦɢɬɟɤɭɳɢɦɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɦɵɦɢɫɤɚɧɚɥɨɜɫɜɹɡɢɜɎȽȻɍ©ȼɇɂɂȽɆɂ
ɆɐȾªɊɭɞɟɧɤɨɜɚɞɥɹɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɝɝȾɥɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɛɵɥɢɜɤɥɸ
ɱɟɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟ
ɞɭɪɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɵɥɨɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɡɚɥɟɬɢɡɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɟ
ɧɢɣɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɝɉɨɫɥɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɷɬɚɩɨɜɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɯɩɨ
ȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɈȺɑɟɪɧɵɯɂȼ
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ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɟɬɢɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɛɥɢɡɤɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯɢɨɱɟɧɶ
ɫɬɚɪɵɯɪɹɞɨɜɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɛɵɥɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɦɚɫɫɢɜɞɚɧɧɵɯɩɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɟɬɢɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝ
ȼɵɛɨɪɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɝɝɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɬɟɦɮɚɤɬɨɦɱɬɨɡɚ
ɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɧɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɤɨɧɟɰɯ±ɧɚɱɚɥɨɯɝɨɞɨɜɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯɞɚɧ
ɧɵɯɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɯɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɧɚɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɟɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚ
ɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ Ⱥɥɞɭɯɨɜ ɑɟɪɧɵɯ
Ɂɚɣɰɟɜɚɋɬɟɪɢɧɉɪɢɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯɛɵɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɢ ɱ ȼɋȼ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɟ
ɫɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟɦɞɥɹɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɟɫɹɰɚɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɵɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɛɵɥɨɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɢɡɦɟ
ɪɟɧɢɣɡɚɦɟɫɹɰɢɥɟɬɢɡɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɝȿɫɥɢɱɢɫɥɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɡɚɦɟɫɹɰɧɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɥɹɥɨɦɟɧɟɟɨɬɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɧɚɜɫɟɯɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɜɫɥɨɟɤɦ
ɬɨɞɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɬɚɤɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɵɧɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɗɬɨɫɞɟɥɚɧɨɞɥɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɬɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɯɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ
ɆɟɬɨɞɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢɧɚɛɚɡɟɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɩɥɚɣɧɚȺɤɢɦɵȾɟȻɨɪ
ɛɵɥɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɞɥɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ7ɧɚɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯɜɵɫɨɬɚɯɜɫɥɨɟ
ɤɦɧɚɞɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɦɨɪɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯɭɪɨɜɧɟɣɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸɢɨɫɨɛɵɯ
ɬɨɱɟɤɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɹɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɑɟɪɧɵɯɨɧɚɨɛɟɫɩɟ
ɱɢɜɚɟɬɞɥɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɱɧɭɸɢɧɬɟɪ
ɩɨɥɹɰɢɸɫɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɟɟɜɢɞɚɦɢ
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɵɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ
ɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɟɦɦɟɬɨɞɚɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɯɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ
ȼ$OGXNKRY&KHUQ\NKɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɞɨɥɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɵɯ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɞ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɨɛɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɟɝɨɞɵɛɵɥɢɜɜɟ
ɞɟɧɵɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɇɚɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɸ
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ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɧɞɭ Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɚ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɜɥɢɹɟɬɜɵɛɨɪɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚ
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ɋɬɟɪɢɧɉɪɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨɪɹɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɦɟɬɟɨɜɟɥɢ
ɱɢɧɵ Ft ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɟɨɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
Ft ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ t0 ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɤ t1±ɤɨɧɰɭ
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t1Ɉɧɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɪɟɞ
ɧɸɸɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɬɪɟɧɞɚɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟ
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Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɋɬɶɸ
ɞɟɧɬɚ ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɫ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵɫɟɬɤɨɣ
Ⱦɥɹɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ
ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ
ɛɵɥɢɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵɬɪɟɧɞɵɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɌɪɟɧɞɵɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɛɵɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɹɞɚɦ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɧɚɨɞɢɧɝɨɞɩɟɪɢɨɞɵɧɚɛɥɸɞɟ
ɧɢɹ«ɞɨɝɝɉɪɢɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɡɚ
ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɪɚɫɱɟɬɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɟɬɟɨɜɟ
ɥɢɱɢɧɵɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢɛɵɥɜɵɛɪɚɧɩɨɥ
ɧɵɣɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɝɝ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɣɫɬɚɧɰɢɢɛɵɥɢɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɵɫɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɫɬɚɧɰɢɢɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢɞɥɹɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɢɫɟɡɨɧɨɜɛɵɥɢɞɜɭɤɪɚɬɧɨ
ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɵȻɵɥɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɬɪɟɦɬɨɱɤɚɦɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɰɟɧ
ɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɨɱɤɟɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɥɫɹɞɜɨɣɧɨɣɜɟɫɚɞɜɭɦɤɪɚɣɧɢɦ±ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɣɜɟɫ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɛɨɥɟɟ
ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɢɯɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɜɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯɫɥɨɹɯɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ
Ⱦɥɹɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɢɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɫɜɵɫɨɬɨɣɛɵɥɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ
ɧɵɯɞɥɹɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯɜɵɫɨɬɜɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦɫɥɨɟɤɦɧɚɞɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɦɨɪɹ
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɨɞ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɢɦɚ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɶɮɟɜɪɚɥɶ ɜɟɫɧɚ
ɦɚɪɬɦɚɣɥɟɬɨɢɸɧɶɚɜɝɭɫɬɨɫɟɧɶɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶɧɨɹɛɪɶ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɧɚɪɢɫɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɪɹɞɵɝɨɞɨɜɵɯɚɧɨ
ɦɚɥɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɡɟɦɥɢɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɪɹɞɵ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɡɚ
ɝɝ Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɪɚɜɧɵ&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɢ&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɊɢɫ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɬɪɟɧɞɵɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɞɥɹɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɪɹɞɨɜɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɧɢ ɪɚɜɧɵ
&ɡɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ ɢ & ɡɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɵɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɫ
ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ
> @att att btt tt
WWW
ȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɈȺɑɟɪɧɵɯɂȼ
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ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɌɪɟɧɞɵɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɚCºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɛ Cºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɝɨɞɨɜɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚTCºɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɡɟɦɥɢɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɲɚɪɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɝɝ
Ⱥɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ Ɍ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɑɟɪɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ (ɚ) – ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ T
(Cº) ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ; ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ (ɚ) – ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ T (Cº) ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɫ 5-ɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ: 1964-2018, 1969-
2018, … 2009-2018 ɝɝ.; ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ (ɛ) – ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜ 1 ɝɨɞ; ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ; ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
)LJXUH)LUVWCº per decadeDQGVHFRQGRUGHUCº per decadeWUHQGVLQDQRPDOLHVRIPHDQV
IRUDQQXDODLUWHPSHUDWXUHVT (Cº) DWWKHVXUIDFHOHYHORYHUWKH*OREHIRUWKHREVHUYDWLRQDOSHULRG
RI
The anomalies were calculated with respect to the long-term mean values T for the full period. Black
points (ɚ) are time series of anomalies of means for annual temperatures T (Cº) at the surface level;
red lines (a) are the first order trends in anomalies of means for annual temperatures T at the surface
level for the corresponding periods with the 5-year step: 1964-2018, 1969-2018, … 2009-2018; red
points (b) are the time series of the first order trends for the corresponding periods with the one-year
step, blue lines are the relevant smoothed time series, green lines (b) are the second-order trends
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɌɪɟɧɞɵɩɟɪɜɨɝɨCºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɛ Cºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɫɪɟɞ
ɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣıTɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚTCºɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɡɟɦɥɢɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɲɚɪɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɡɚɝɝ
ɑɟɪɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ (ɚ) – ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ıT ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡ-
ɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ; ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ (ɚ) – ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ıT ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ T (Cº) ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɫ 5-ɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ: 1964-
2018, 1969-2018, … 2009-2018 ɝɝ.; ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ (ɛ) – ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜ 1 ɝɨɞ; ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ; ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
)LJXUH)LUVW&SHUGHFDGHDQGVHFRQGRUGHU&SHUGHFDGHWUHQGVLQVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQVıT
IRUDLUWHPSHUDWXUH7DWWKHVXUIDFHOHYHORYHUWKH*OREHIRUWKHREVHUYDWLRQDOSHULRGRI
Black points (ɚ) are time series of standard deviations ıT for air temperatures T(Cº) at the surface
level; red lines (a) are the first order trends in standard deviations ıT for annual temperatures T
at the surface level for the corresponding periods with the 5-year step: 1964-2018, 1969-2018, …
2009-2018; red points (b) are the time series of the first order trends for the corresponding periods
with the one-year step, blue lines are the relevant smoothed time series, green lines (b)
are the second-order trends
Ɋɢɫɚɢɚɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɱɬɨɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɡɟɦɥɢ
ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɪɢɫɛɫɦɝɨɥɭɛɵɟɥɢɧɢɢɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɈȺɑɟɪɧɵɯɂȼ
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ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɝ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɪɢɫɛɫɦɝɨɥɭɛɵɟɥɢɧɢɢɬɪɟɧɞɵɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɛɭɞɭɱɢɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɞɟɥɚɸɬɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɤ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɝ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ
ɬɭɪɵɫɦɡɟɥɟɧɵɟɥɢɧɢɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹɫɥɚɛɨɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ɍ ɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ
ȼɬɚɛɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɵɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬ
ɧɢɯɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɌɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɢɯɚɧɨ
ɦɚɥɢɣ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɤɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝɚɬɚɤɠɟɦɟɫɹɰɵɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɛɵɥɢɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɟɧɵɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɢɜɵɫɨɬɵɧɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɧɢɛɵɥɢɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɫɥɨɟɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɚ ɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɛ ɢ
ɘɠɧɨɝɨɜɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣɌɚɛɥɢɪɢɫɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɱɬɨɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹɫɬɪɭɤ
ɬɭɪɚɤɚɤɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɬɚɤɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɜɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɢɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɌɚɛɥɢɰɚȾɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɵǻɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɌCºɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨCºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨCºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɢɯɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɜɫɥɨɟɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɤɦɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ
ɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝ
N – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɦɟɫɹɰ (ɦɦ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ/ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɟ – ɜɵɫɨɬɚ (h), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
7DEOH5DQJHVǻRILQWUDDQQXDOYDULDWLRQVRIPRQWKO\DYHUDJHGYDOXHVIRUT(Cº), DQGWKHILUVW
Cº per decade) DQGVHFRQGRUGHUCº per decade2GHFDGDOWUHQGVLQWKHLUDQRPDOLHVLQWKHNP
DWPRVSKHULFOD\HUIRUWKHJOREHDQGIRUWKH1RUWKHUQDQG6RXWKHUQ+HPLVSKHUHVRYHUWKHSHULRG
RI
N – is the number of soundings. The numerator shows in brackets the month (mm)
in which maximum/ minimum values were determined. The height (h) at which maximum/ minimum
values were determined is given in the denominator
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ɬɪɟɧɞɵɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɦɦK
1
ɦɥɧ
Ɂɟɦɧɨɣɲɚɪ
±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɟɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ
±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ
ɘɠɧɨɟɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ
±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɆɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟɫɪɟɞɧɢɟTCºɜɫɥɨɟɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɤɦɡɚɝɨɞɜɰɟɥɨɦɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɦɟɫɹɰɚɫɟɡɨɧɚɝɝ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ 1-6: (ɚ) – ɞɥɹ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɚ, (ɛ) – ɞɥɹ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ (ɜ) – ɞɥɹ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ.
ɋɟɡɨɧɵ: I (ɡɢɦɚ) – ȾəɎ, II (ɜɟɫɧɚ) – ɆȺɆ, III (ɥɟɬɨ) – ɂɂȺ, IV (ɨɫɟɧɶ) – ɋɈɇ. ɋɢɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɨɡɨɜɵɟ
ɨɬɪɟɡɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ
ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɜɭɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɵ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ
)LJXUH/RQJWHUPPHDQVIRUT CºLQWKHNPOD\HUIRUWKH\HDUDVDZKROHIRUHDFKPRQWK
DQGVHDVRQ8
In figures 1-6: (ɚ) – for the Globe, (b) – for the Northern and (c) – for the Southern hemispheres.
Seasons: Winter – DJF, spring – MMA, summer – JJA, autumn – SON. Blue and pink segments
correspond to maximum and minimum values. The statistics for months and seasons were subject
to twofold smoothing. The three-points smoothing was used
ȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɈȺɑɟɪɧɵɯɂȼ
$OGXNKRY2Ⱥ&KHUQ\NK,9
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɌɪɟɧɞɵɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣTCºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɜɫɥɨɟ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɤɦɡɚɝɨɞɜɰɟɥɨɦɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɦɟɫɹɰɚɫɟɡɨɧɚɝɝ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ 2, 3, 5, 6 ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɫ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 95% ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɫɟɬɤɨɣ
)LJXUH)LUVWRUGHUWUHQGVLQDQRPDOLHVRIPHDQVIRUTCº per decadeLQWKHNPOD\HU
IRUWKH\HDUDVDZKROHIRUHDFKPRQWKDQGVHDVRQ
In Figures 2, 3, 5, 6 trends with confidence level of not less than 95% are marked by lattice
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɌɪɟɧɞɵɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣTCºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɜɫɥɨɟ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɤɦɡɚɝɨɞɜɰɟɥɨɦɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɦɟɫɹɰɚɫɟɡɨɧɚɝɝ
)LJXUH6HFRQGRUGHUWUHQGVLQDQRPDOLHVRIPHDQVIRUTCº per decade2LQWKHNPOD\HU
IRUWKH\HDUDVDZKROHIRUHDFKPRQWKDQGVHDVRQ
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɚ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯTɜɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɫɥɨɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɬɞɨ&ɦɢɧɢ
ɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɜɹɧɜɚɪɟɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɤɦɚɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚ
ɱɟɧɢɟ±ɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɤɦɜɢɸɥɟȾɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ
ȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɈȺɑɟɪɧɵɯɂȼ
$OGXNKRY2Ⱥ&KHUQ\NK,9
ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯɞɥɹɌɜɫɥɨɟ
ɤɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ ɞɨ & ɡɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɤɦ ɜ ɧɨɹɛɪɟ ɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ±ɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɤɦɜɚɜɝɭɫɬɟɉɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɢɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɟ
ɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɛɵɥɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɫɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸɛɨɥɟɟ
ɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɞɥɹɜɫɟɯ
ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɜɨɜɫɟɦɫɥɨɟɤɦɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɫɥɨɟɤɦ±ɫɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹɩɨ
ɚɩɪɟɥɶɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɚɯɤɦ±ɫɢɸɥɹɩɨɚɜɝɭɫɬɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɟɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɟɧɨɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɫɥɨɹɯɤɦ
ɤɦɢɤɦ±ɞɥɹɜɟɫɧɵɥɟɬɚɢɨɫɟɧɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɌɪɟɧɞɵɩɟɪ
ɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɥɨɟɤɦ±ɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯɞɥɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɫɥɨɟ
ɤɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɬɞɨ& ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɆɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶ
ɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɛɵɥɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɜɢɸɧɟɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɤɦɢɜɧɨɹɛɪɟɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɤɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɌɪɟɧɞɵɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚ
ɥɢɣɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣTɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɗɬɨ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɤɦ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ
ɫɥɨɟɤɦ ɷɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɹɩɨɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ
ɝɌɪɟɧɞɵɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɫɞɨɜɟ
ɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ Ɇɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɞɥɹɌɤɚɤ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɡɢɦɨɣɜɟɫ
ɧɨɣɢɨɫɟɧɶɸɬɚɤɢɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɫɦɚɹɩɨɚɜɝɭɫɬ
ɗɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɹɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɡɢɦɨɣɜɟɫɧɨɣɢɨɫɟɧɶɸ
ɢɟɝɨɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟɫɦɚɹɩɨɚɜɝɭɫɬɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɩɨɦɟɪɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹɤɝ
Ʉɚɤɞɥɹɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɬɚɤɢɞɥɹɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɜɫɥɨɟ
ɤɦɢɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɟɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɜɢɞɧɨɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɪɢɫɛɜɩɨ
ɦɟɪɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹɤɝɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɌɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɞɥɹɡɢɦɵɜ
ɫɥɨɟɤɦɞɥɹɜɟɫɧɵ±ɜɫɥɨɹɯɢɤɦɞɥɹɨɫɟɧɢ±ɜɫɥɨɹɯɢ
ɤɦɩɪɢɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢɝɨɞɚɜɰɟɥɨɦ±ɜɫɥɨɹɯɢɤɦɪɢɫɛɜ
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɋɟɜɟɪ
ɧɨɝɨɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɦɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɢɡɧɢɯɉɨɦɟɪɟɩɪɢɛɥɢ
ɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɝ ɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɢ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɤɦ
Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ & ɡɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ
ɛɵɥɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɤɦɜɘɠɧɨɦɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɢɜɧɨɹɛɪɟɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɤɚɤɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɛɵɥɨɧɚɣɞɟɧɨɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɤɦɜɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɢɜɚɩɪɟɥɟȺɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɞɥɹɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣTɜɫɥɨɟ
ɤɦɞɥɹɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɦɟɧɶɲɟɱɟɦɞɥɹ
ɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨ
ɞɨɜɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ T ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɤɦ ɞɥɹ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ & ɡɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟ
ɬɢɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɱɟɦɞɥɹɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ
ȼ ɬɚɛɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɪɟɞ
ɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ıT ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ıT ɜ
ɫɥɨɟɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɤɦɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɞɥɹɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚ
ɪɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɝ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɢɜɵɫɨɬɵɧɚɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɯɨɧɢɛɵɥɢɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɌɚɛɥɢɰɚȾɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɵǻıTɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣıTCºɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨCºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨCº
ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣı7ɜɫɥɨɟɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɤɦ
ɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɞɥɹɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝ
N – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɦɟɫɹɰ (ɦɦ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ/ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɟ – ɜɵɫɨɬɚ (h), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
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ɇɚɪɢɫɞɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɚɞɥɹɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɛɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɜɩɨɥɭ
ɲɚɪɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣıTɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚıTɜɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɫɥɨɟɞɥɹ
ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɫɟɡɨɧɨɜɢɝɨɞɚɜɰɟɥɨɦ
Ⱦɥɹɡɟɦɧɨɝɨɲɚɪɚɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɬɞɨ&ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ±&
ɆɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟıTɛɵɥɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɜɚɜɝɭɫɬɟɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɤɦɢɦɚɤɫɢ
ɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ±ɜɮɟɜɪɚɥɟɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɤɦȾɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɬɪɟɧ
ɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ıT ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ ɞɨ & ɡɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ±&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɋɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨ
ɧɟɧɢɟɭɛɵɜɚɟɬɜɫɥɨɟɤɦɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤɜɫɥɨɟɤɦ
ǻıT
Cºɦɦh
ǻıT
ɬɪɟɧɞɵɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ,
Cºɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɦɦh
ǻıT
ɬɪɟɧɞɵɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ,
Cº ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɦɦh
N
ɦɥɧ
Ɂɟɦɧɨɣɲɚɪ
±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɟɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ
±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ
ɘɠɧɨɟɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ
±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ ±
ɤɦɤɦ
ȺɥɞɭɯɨɜɈȺɑɟɪɧɵɯɂȼ
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ɨɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ ɫ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɆɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚıTɜɢɞɧɨɜɹɧɜɚɪɟɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟ
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ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣɜɫɥɨɟ
ɤɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɬɞɨ&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ±
&ɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɈɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚı7ɜ
ɫɥɨɟɤɦɫɚɩɪɟɥɹɩɨɧɨɹɛɪɶɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟɪɨɫɬɚıTɜɷɬɨɦɫɥɨɟɚ
ɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɤɦ ɫ ɢɸɧɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ ± ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹı7ɜɷɬɨɦɫɥɨɟɩɨɦɟɪɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹɤɝ
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