Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR

'2, ɍȾɄ
ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɥɟɬɧɟɝɨɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɧɚɪɚɜɧɢɧɚɯɊɨɫɫɢɢ
Ɍ.Ȼ. Ɍɢɬɤɨɜɚ*, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɊȺɇ
ɊɨɫɫɢɹɆɨɫɤɜɚɋɬɚɪɨɦɨɧɟɬɧɵɣɩɟɪ
Ⱥɞɪɟɫɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɢtitkova@igras.ru
Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ©ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɚɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚªɧɚɪɚɜ
ɧɢɧɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟ
ɩɥɟɧɢɹȽɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚ
ɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ ɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɭɧɞɪɵ ɞɨ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɩɭɫɬɵɧɶ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɡɚ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɝ Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɵɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵɩɨɬɨɤɚɹɜɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɢɡɚɪɯɢɜɚɪɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
(5$/DQGɫɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦîɩɨɞɨɥɝɨɬɟɢɲɢɪɨɬɟɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨ
ɛɦɟɧɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɢɯɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɫɨɰɟɧɤɨɣɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢɢɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɚɞɢɟɧ
ɬɨɜ ɉɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ
ȼɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɪɭɛɟɠɟɣɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧ
ɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɟ ɢ ɜ
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɡɨɧɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɬɚɣɝɢɫɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɦɢɤɧɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣɢɸɠɧɨɣɬɚɣɝɢɇɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɧɚɷɬɨɣɬɟɪ
ɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɜɚɡɢɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɟɬɜɶɸ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ
Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɨȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɢɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦɡɞɟɫɶɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɡɨɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɵɤɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɭɛɟɠ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɝɞɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧ
ɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɂɞɟɫɶɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬɩɨɬɨɤɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɩɨɱɜɟɧ
ɧɨɣɜɥɚɝɢɢɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹɫɭɦɦɚɥɟɬɧɢɯɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ
ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢ
ɱɢɥɚɫɶɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ;;,ɜɟɤɚɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɫɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶ
ɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ȼ ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɷɬɨɬɪɨɫɬɫɜɹɡɚɧɫɨɛɳɢɦɢɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɬɪɟɧɞɚɦɢɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɫɭɱɚɫɬɢɜɲɢɦɢɫɹɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɚɧɨ
ɦɚɥɢɹɦɢ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ȼ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ
ɪɨɫɬɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɪɨɫɬɥɟɬɧɢɯɬɟɦɩɟ
ɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɌȻɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧȺɇ
7LWNRYD7%=RORWRNU\OLQ$1

ɪɚɬɭɪ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɢɧɝɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ ɢɜ
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ Ɍɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧ ɹɜɧɨɟ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɟ
ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵɬɪɟɧɞɵɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɵ
7KHVSDWLDOKHWHURJHQHLW\RIWKHVXPPHUWXUEXOHQWKHDW
H[FKDQJHRQWKHSODLQVRI5XVVLD
T.B. Titkova*, A.N. Zolotokrylin
,QVWLWXWHRI*HRJUDSK\5$6
6WDURPRQHWQ\ODQH0RVFRZ5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQ
&RUUHVSRQGHQFHDGGUHVVtitkova@igras.ru
$EVWUDFW 7KH DUWLFOH LV DLPHG DW WKH DQDO\VLV RI VWDWLVWLFDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI
KHDWH[FKDQJHRQWKHSODLQVRI5XVVLD1DWXUH]RQHVZLWKPD[LPXPKRUL]RQWDOVSDWLDO
KHWHURJHQHLW\RI WXUEXOHQW KHDW H[FKDQJH GXULQJ WKH VXPPHU SHULRG DUH LGHQWLILHG
&KDQJHV LQ WKH VSDWLDO KHWHURJHQHLW\ RI KHDW DQG H[FKDQJH LQ GLIIHUHQW ODQGVFDSH
]RQHV DJDLQVW WKH EDFNJURXQG RI LQWHQVH ZDUPLQJ DUH DVVHVVHG 7KH VSDWLDO
KHWHURJHQHLW\RIWXUEXOHQWKHDWH[FKDQJHRQWKHSODLQVRI5XVVLDZDVFRQVLGHUHGIRU
WKHVXPPHUSHULRGRIRQDYHUDJH7KHDUHORFDWHGIURPDUFWLFWXQGUDWR
GU\VWHSSHDQGVHPLGHVHUWV3DUDPHWHUVRIVHQVLEOHDQGODWHQWKHDWIOX[HVLVWDNHQIRU
WKHVWXG\IURPWKHDUFKLYHRIWKH(5$/DQGUHDQDO\VLV,W¶VUHVROXWLRQIRUORQJLWXGH
DQGODWLWXGHLV$VWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVRIWKHWXUEXOHQWKHDWH[FKDQJHLVSHUIRUPHG
ZLWKWKHHVWLPDWLRQRIPHDQYDOXHVDEVROXWHDQGUHODWLYHYDULDELOLW\DQGWKHLUWUHQGV
7KHLU VLJQLILFDQFH DQG KRUL]RQWDO JUDGLHQWV DOVR DUH DVVHVVHG$UHDV ZLWK HOHYDWHG
VSDWLDO KHWHURJHQHLW\ RI WXUEXOHQW KHDW H[FKDQJH DUH LGHQWLILHG XVLQJ PD[LPDO
KRUL]RQWDOJUDGLHQWVRISDUDPHWHUV
'XULQJ VXPPHU SHULRG WKH ]RQH RI WKH PLGGOH WDLJD ZLWK DGMDFHQW SDUWV RI
QRUWKHUQDQGVRXWKHUQWDLJDLVRQHRIWKHQDWXUDOOLPLWVIRUDUHDVZLWKHOHYDWHGVSDWLDO
KHWHURJHQHLW\RIKHDWH[FKDQJHRQWKH(DVW(XURSHDQ3ODLQDQGLQ:HVWHUQ6LEHULD
,QFUHDVHGKRUL]RQWDOJUDGLHQWVRIWKHKHDWH[FKDQJHRQWKLVWHUULWRU\UHVXOWIURPWKH
TXDVLVWDWLRQDU\VHFRQGDU\EUXQFKRIWKH$UFWLFIURQWZLWKLQFUHDVHGUHSHDWDELOLW\RI
F\FORQHV FRPLQJ IURP WKH$WODQWLF(XURSHDQ VHFWRU DQG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ RI WKH
KLJKDOWLWXGHIURQWDO]RQHWKDWRFFXUVDWWKHLQWHUVHFWLRQRIFROGDQGZDUPDLUPDVVHV
7KHVHFRQGQDWXUHIURQWLHURIHOHYDWHGVSDWLDOKHWHURJHQHLW\RIKHDWIOX[HVLVIRXQGLQ
VXEERUHDOODQGVFDSHV7KHKDYHHOHYDWHGKRUL]RQWDOJUDGLHQWVRIFOLPDWHSDUDPHWHUV
DQGVXUIDFHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV7KHIOX[RIWRWDOUDGLDWLRQDQGWKHGHILFLWRIVRLOPRLVWXUH
LQFUHDVHWKHUHZKLOHWKHVXPRIVXPPHUSUHFLSLWDWLRQGHFUHDVHV
7KHKRUL]RQWDOVSDWLDOKHWHURJHQHLW\RIWKHYHUWLFDOKHDWH[FKDQJHLQFUHDVHGDW
WKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH;;, FHQWXU\7KLVRFFXUUHGPDLQO\WRWKHQRUWKRI]RQHVZLWK
PD[LPXP KRUL]RQWDO JUDGLHQWV RI WKH WXUEXOHQW KHDW H[FKDQJH ,Q VXEDUFWLF
ODQGVFDSHV RI :HVWHUQ 6LEHULD WKH JURZWK ZDV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK JHQHUDO SRVLWLYH
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR

VXUIDFH WHPSHUDWXUH WUHQGV DQG ZLWK LQFUHDVLQJ SRVLWLYH DQRPDOLHV RI VXPPHU
WHPSHUDWXUH ,Q VXEERUHDO ODQGVFDSHV WKH VLJQLILFDQW JURZWK RI IOX[HV RI KHDW
H[FKDQJHLVDOVRUHVXOWHGPDLQO\IURPWKHJURZWKRIVXPPHUWHPSHUDWXUHVDQGWKH
GHFUHDVH RI KXPLGLILFDWLRQ DORQJ ZLWK VLPXOWDQHRXV LQFUHDVH LQ UHSHDWDELOLW\ RI
DWPRVSKHULFEORFNLQJLQWKHHDVWRIWKH(DVW(XURSHDQ3ODLQDQGLQ:HVWHUQ6LEHULD
.H\ZRUGV 7XUEXOHQW KHDW H[FKDQJH VHQVLEOH KHDW ODWHQW KHDW KRUL]RQWDO
JUDGLHQWVWUHQGVODQGVFDSHV
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɹɡɨɧɚɫɨɫɜɨɢɦɬɢɩɨɦɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɤɥɸ
ɱɟɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɫɭɲɢɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣȼɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɟɩɨɬɨɤɢ
ɬɟɩɥɚɜɨɦɧɨɝɨɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɚɞɜɟɤɰɢɟɣɬɟɩɥɚɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧ«  .RGDPD HW DO  Ʌɟɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɩɨɱɜɚ ɢɜɨɡɞɭɯɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɪɚɡɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɬɢɩɚɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɦɝɭɳɟɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɦɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ
ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹɡɟɦɥɹ-DFTXHOLQHHWDO.URSSHWDOȼɸɠɧɵɯɥɚɧɞ
ɲɚɮɬɚɯɧɚɩɨɬɨɤɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɚɹ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɤ
ɨɫɚɞɤɚɦɢɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ*XR=KDQJHWDO
%RQDQ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɪɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ1&(31&$5ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɱɬɨɢɡɡɚɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɬɟɦ
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
*XOHY%HO\DHYɇɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɧɚɢ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɬɪɟɧɞ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɱɬɨ
ɧɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ȿɌɊ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɋɥɟɬ ɚ ɜɁɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ
ɋɢɛɢɪɢɁɋɋɥɟɬɡɚɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝɌɪɟɬɢɣ«
Ɍɚɤɠɟɧɚɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɟɩɨɬɨɤɢɬɟɩɥɚɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ
ɨɛɳɟɣɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪ
ɧɨɣɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢɜȺɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɨȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɫɟɤɬɨɪɟɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨ
ɫɬɢɱɢɫɥɚɞɧɟɣɫɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦɢɛɥɨɤɢɧɝɚɦɢɧɚɜɨɫɬɨɤɟȿɌɊȻɚɪɞɢɧɢɞɪ

Ɂɨɧɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɥɨ
ɛɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɬɟɩɥɚɢɜɥɚɝɢɡɟɦɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ
ɥɟɧɧɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɡɨɧɚɦɫ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɩɪɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɝɪɚɧɢɰɉɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ©ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɚɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
௅ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚªɜɨɦɧɨɝɨɦɡɚɜɢɫɹɬɨɬɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɤɥɢ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɢɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣɡɨɧɨɣɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɹɫɶɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ
ɐɟɥɶɸɪɚɛɨɬɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɚɧɚɥɢɡɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɬɟɩɥɨɨɛ
ɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɌȻɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧȺɇ
7LWNRYD7%=RORWRNU\OLQ$1

ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɜɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɰɟɧɤɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɜɪɚɡɥɢɱ
ɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯɡɨɧɚɯɧɚɮɨɧɟɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɦɟɬɨɞɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ௅ ȿɌɊ ɢ Ɂɋ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɦɢɊɨɫɫɢɢɨɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɭɧɞɪɵɞɨɫɭɯɨɣɫɬɟɩɢɢɩɨɥɭɩɭɫɬɵɧɶ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɵ ɢɸɧɶɚɜɝɭɫɬ ɡɚ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɢɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 
ɝɝ
Ⱦɥɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɚɪɯɢɜ
ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɯɪɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɩɹɬɨɝɨɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ(5$/DQGɫ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ î KWWSVFOLPDWHFRSHUQLFXVHX ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤ
ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ 6/ Ⱦɠɦ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ 66 Ⱦɠɦ ɉɨɬɨɤ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɩɥɚ௅ɷɬɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɬɟɩɥɚɦɟɠɞɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɁɟɦɥɢɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣɡɚɫɱɟɬ
ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹɥɸɛɨɣɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɬɟɩɥɚɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢɢɥɢɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɩɨɬɨɤɚɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɚɡ
ɧɢɰɟɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɦɟɠɞɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚɳɟɣɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣɫɤɨɪɨ
ɫɬɶɸɜɟɬɪɚɢɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɉɨɬɨɤɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚ௅ɷɬɨɨɛɦɟɧ
ɫɤɪɵɬɵɦɬɟɩɥɨɦɫɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɣɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢɗɬɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɢɨɧɢɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
ɞɨɤɨɧɰɚɲɚɝɚɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɡɚɦɟɫɹɰɉɨɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɸ(&0:)
ɞɥɹɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɩɨɬɨɤɜɧɢɡ
ɉɨɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ0XxR]6DEDWHUHWDOɪɟɚɧɚɥɢɡ(5$/DQGɢɦɟɟɬɨɛɳɭɸ
ɸɨɲɢɛɤɭɜɞɚɧɧɵɯɭɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣɥɢɧɢɢɢɡɡɚɜɤɥɚɞɚɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ
ɬɨɱɟɤɝɞɟɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɹɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɤɪɵ
ɬɵɦɬɟɩɥɨɦɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɵɣɤɥɢɦɚɬɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɛɵɥɩɪɨ
ɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦȻɨɭɷɧɚɈɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟȻɨɭɷɧɚ௅ɷɬɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɞɨɫɬɭɩ
ɧɨɣɞɥɹɹɜɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɪɚɡɧɢɰɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɛɟɡɷɜɚɩɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɢɤɷɧɟɪ
ɝɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ȼɨɭɷɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɄɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬȻɨɭɷɧɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɥɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɩɨɬɟɪɢɢɥɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚ
ȼɧɚɲɟɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɞɥɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹȻɨɭɷɧɚɦɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ6/66ȿɫɥɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟȻɨɭɷɧɚɛɨɥɶɲɟɹɜɧɨɟɬɟɩɥɨɢɝɪɚɟɬɛɨғɥɶ
ɲɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɬɟɩɥɚɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɱɟɦɫɤɪɵɬɨɟɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɛɨ
ғɥɶɲɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶɬɟɩɥɚɨɬɞɚɟɬɫɹɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɜɹɜɧɨɦɚɧɟɫɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɢɞɟɤɥɢɦɚɬɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɩɥɵɦ ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ Ȼɨɭɷɧɚ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟɬɨɛɨғɥɶɲɭɸɪɨɥɶɢɝɪɚɟɬɫɤɪɵɬɨɟɬɟɩɥɨɢɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɫɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɡɚɫɱɟɬɬɟɩɥɨɬɵɮɚɡɨɜɵɯɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɧɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɸɧɢɠɧɢɯɫɥɨɟɜɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɧɨɦɨɠɟɬɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɢɯɜɥɚɝɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɤɥɢɦɚɬɛɭɞɟɬɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦɢɜɥɚɠɧɵɦ
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ  ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹȻɨɭɷɧɚɡɚɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝȻɵɥɢɪɚɫ
ɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɞɥɹ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɉɨɞ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɢɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɧɚɟɞɢɧɢɰɭɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɚɹɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɢɞɪ
ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɢɫɶɫɲɚɝɨɦɜɲɢɪɨɬɵɢɞɨɥ
ɝɨɬɵ ɡɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɫɟɡɨɧ ɝɝ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɨ
ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɯɫɲɚɝɨɦɩɨɫɟɬɤɟɉɨɧɢɦɛɵɥɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵɬɪɟɧɞɵɝɪɚ
ɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɫɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸɜɥɟɬɫɨɰɟɧɤɨɣɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢɧɚɦɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɪɚ
ɛɨɬɤɢɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜɞɚɧɧɵɯɢɢɯɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɩɚɤɟɬɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
0$7/$%
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɱɚɬɟɩɥɚɨɬɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɡɨɧȿɌɊɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɜɫɭɛɛɨ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɩɨɥɭɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɯɛɨɥɟɟɦȾɠɦɱɬɨɨɛɭ
ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɢɫ,ɚɉɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸɤɫɟɜɟɪɭɜɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɡɨɧɚɯɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚɬɟɩɥɚɫɧɢ
ɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɨɞɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɢɸɠɧɨɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɁɞɟɫɶɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɬɟɩɥɚɧɟɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬɦȾɠɦɉɨɬɨɤɬɟɩɥɚɜɧɨɜɶɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɟɜɟɪɨɬɚ
ɟɠɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɱɬɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɤɚɤɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ௅ɜɵɯɨ
ɞɨɦ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɫ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɝɭɫɬɵɦɩɨɥɨɝɨɦɋɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ௅ɜɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ
ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ௅ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɹɹɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɚɥɟɬɨɦɩɪɢɪɚɡɪɟɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɬɟɩɥɚɩɨɱɜɨɣɢɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɟɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭɬɟɩɥɚɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɇɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɂɋ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞ
ɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɫɭɯɨɫɬɟɩɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢȼɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɜɛɥɢɡɢɝɪɚɧɢɰɵɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɢɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ɬɚɣɝɢɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɩɨɬɨɤɚɚɡɚɬɟɦɤɫɟɜɟɪɭɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɧɨɜɨɟɫɧɢ
ɠɟɧɢɟɫɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɟɝɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɜɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫ,ɛ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫɪɟɞ
ɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɯ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯȿɌɊɧɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ
ɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ
ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɈɧɨɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɩɪɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɜɁɋɢɦɟɸɬɫɤɨɪɟɟɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶ