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ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɪɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ1&(31&$5ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɱɬɨɢɡɡɚɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɬɟɦ
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
*XOHY%HO\DHYɇɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɧɚɢ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɬɪɟɧɞ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɱɬɨ
ɧɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ȿɌɊ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɋɥɟɬ ɚ ɜɁɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ
ɋɢɛɢɪɢɁɋɋɥɟɬɡɚɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝɌɪɟɬɢɣ«
Ɍɚɤɠɟɧɚɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɟɩɨɬɨɤɢɬɟɩɥɚɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ
ɨɛɳɟɣɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪ
ɧɨɣɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢɜȺɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɨȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɫɟɤɬɨɪɟɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨ
ɫɬɢɱɢɫɥɚɞɧɟɣɫɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦɢɛɥɨɤɢɧɝɚɦɢɧɚɜɨɫɬɨɤɟȿɌɊȻɚɪɞɢɧɢɞɪ
Ɂɨɧɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɥɨ
ɛɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɬɟɩɥɚɢɜɥɚɝɢɡɟɦɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ
ɥɟɧɧɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɡɨɧɚɦɫ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɩɪɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɝɪɚɧɢɰɉɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ©ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɚɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚªɜɨɦɧɨɝɨɦɡɚɜɢɫɹɬɨɬɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɤɥɢ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɢɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣɡɨɧɨɣɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɹɫɶɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ
ɐɟɥɶɸɪɚɛɨɬɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɚɧɚɥɢɡɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɬɟɩɥɨɨɛ
ɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɌȻɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧȺɇ
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ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɜɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɰɟɧɤɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɜɪɚɡɥɢɱ
ɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯɡɨɧɚɯɧɚɮɨɧɟɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɦɟɬɨɞɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȿɌɊ ɢ Ɂɋ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɦɢɊɨɫɫɢɢɨɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɭɧɞɪɵɞɨɫɭɯɨɣɫɬɟɩɢɢɩɨɥɭɩɭɫɬɵɧɶ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɵ ɢɸɧɶɚɜɝɭɫɬ ɡɚ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɢɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
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Ⱦɥɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɚɪɯɢɜ
ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɯɪɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɩɹɬɨɝɨɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ(5$/DQGɫ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ î KWWSVFOLPDWHFRSHUQLFXVHX ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤ
ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ 6/ Ⱦɠɦ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ 66 Ⱦɠɦ ɉɨɬɨɤ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɩɥɚɷɬɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɬɟɩɥɚɦɟɠɞɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɁɟɦɥɢɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣɡɚɫɱɟɬ
ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹɥɸɛɨɣɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɬɟɩɥɚɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢɢɥɢɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɩɨɬɨɤɚɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɚɡ
ɧɢɰɟɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɦɟɠɞɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚɳɟɣɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣɫɤɨɪɨ
ɫɬɶɸɜɟɬɪɚɢɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɉɨɬɨɤɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɷɬɨɨɛɦɟɧ
ɫɤɪɵɬɵɦɬɟɩɥɨɦɫɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɣɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢɗɬɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɢɨɧɢɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
ɞɨɤɨɧɰɚɲɚɝɚɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɡɚɦɟɫɹɰɉɨɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɸ(&0:)
ɞɥɹɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɩɨɬɨɤɜɧɢɡ
ɉɨɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ0XxR]6DEDWHUHWDOɪɟɚɧɚɥɢɡ(5$/DQGɢɦɟɟɬɨɛɳɭɸ
ɸɨɲɢɛɤɭɜɞɚɧɧɵɯɭɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣɥɢɧɢɢɢɡɡɚɜɤɥɚɞɚɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ
ɬɨɱɟɤɝɞɟɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɹɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɤɪɵ
ɬɵɦɬɟɩɥɨɦɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɵɣɤɥɢɦɚɬɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɛɵɥɩɪɨ
ɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦȻɨɭɷɧɚɈɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟȻɨɭɷɧɚɷɬɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɞɨɫɬɭɩ
ɧɨɣɞɥɹɹɜɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɪɚɡɧɢɰɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɛɟɡɷɜɚɩɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɢɤɷɧɟɪ
ɝɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ȼɨɭɷɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɄɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬȻɨɭɷɧɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɥɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɩɨɬɟɪɢɢɥɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚ
ȼɧɚɲɟɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɞɥɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹȻɨɭɷɧɚɦɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ6/66ȿɫɥɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟȻɨɭɷɧɚɛɨɥɶɲɟɹɜɧɨɟɬɟɩɥɨɢɝɪɚɟɬɛɨғɥɶ
ɲɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɬɟɩɥɚɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɱɟɦɫɤɪɵɬɨɟɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɛɨ
ғɥɶɲɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶɬɟɩɥɚɨɬɞɚɟɬɫɹɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɜɹɜɧɨɦɚɧɟɫɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɢɞɟɤɥɢɦɚɬɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɩɥɵɦ ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ Ȼɨɭɷɧɚ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟɬɨɛɨғɥɶɲɭɸɪɨɥɶɢɝɪɚɟɬɫɤɪɵɬɨɟɬɟɩɥɨɢɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɫɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɡɚɫɱɟɬɬɟɩɥɨɬɵɮɚɡɨɜɵɯɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɧɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɸɧɢɠɧɢɯɫɥɨɟɜɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɧɨɦɨɠɟɬɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɢɯɜɥɚɝɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɤɥɢɦɚɬɛɭɞɟɬɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦɢɜɥɚɠɧɵɦ
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
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Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹȻɨɭɷɧɚɡɚɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝȻɵɥɢɪɚɫ
ɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɞɥɹ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɉɨɞ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɢɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɧɚɟɞɢɧɢɰɭɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɚɹɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɢɞɪ
ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɢɫɶɫɲɚɝɨɦɜɲɢɪɨɬɵɢɞɨɥ
ɝɨɬɵ ɡɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɫɟɡɨɧ ɝɝ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɨ
ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɯɫɲɚɝɨɦɩɨɫɟɬɤɟɉɨɧɢɦɛɵɥɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵɬɪɟɧɞɵɝɪɚ
ɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɫɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸɜɥɟɬɫɨɰɟɧɤɨɣɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢɧɚɦɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɪɚ
ɛɨɬɤɢɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜɞɚɧɧɵɯɢɢɯɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɩɚɤɟɬɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
0$7/$%
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɱɚɬɟɩɥɚɨɬɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɡɨɧȿɌɊɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɜɫɭɛɛɨ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɩɨɥɭɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɯɛɨɥɟɟɦȾɠɦɱɬɨɨɛɭ
ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɢɫ,ɚɉɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸɤɫɟɜɟɪɭɜɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɡɨɧɚɯɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚɬɟɩɥɚɫɧɢ
ɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɨɞɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɢɸɠɧɨɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɁɞɟɫɶɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɬɟɩɥɚɧɟɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬɦȾɠɦɉɨɬɨɤɬɟɩɥɚɜɧɨɜɶɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɟɜɟɪɨɬɚ
ɟɠɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɱɬɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɤɚɤɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢɜɵɯɨ
ɞɨɦ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɫ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɝɭɫɬɵɦɩɨɥɨɝɨɦɋɟɜɟɪɧɟɟɜɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ
ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɹɹɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɚɥɟɬɨɦɩɪɢɪɚɡɪɟɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɬɟɩɥɚɩɨɱɜɨɣɢɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɟɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭɬɟɩɥɚɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɇɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɂɋ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞ
ɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɫɭɯɨɫɬɟɩɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢȼɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɜɛɥɢɡɢɝɪɚɧɢɰɵɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɢɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ɬɚɣɝɢɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɩɨɬɨɤɚɚɡɚɬɟɦɤɫɟɜɟɪɭɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɧɨɜɨɟɫɧɢ
ɠɟɧɢɟɫɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɟɝɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɜɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫ,ɛ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫɪɟɞ
ɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɯ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯȿɌɊɧɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ
ɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ
ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɈɧɨɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɩɪɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɜɁɋɢɦɟɸɬɫɤɨɪɟɟɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɌȻɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧȺɇ
7LWNRYD7%=RORWRNU\OLQ$1
ɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹɜɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɨɣɡɨɧɟɁɚɭɪɚɥɶɹ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɨɬɨɤɚɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚ,ɩɨɬɨɤɚɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ
ɬɟɩɥɚ,,ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹȻɨɭɷɧɚ,,,ɡɚɢɸɧɶɚɜɝɭɫɬɝɝ
ɚ) ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ, ɛ) ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ, ɜ) ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ. ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ: 1 ࣓ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ; ɋɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ (2
࣓ Ɍɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɟ, 3 ࣓ Ʌɟɫɨɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɟ); Ȼɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ (4 ࣓ ɋɟɜɟɪɨɬɚɺɠɧɵɟ, 5 ࣓ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɬɚɺɠɧɵɟ, 6 ࣓
ɘɠɧɨɬɚɺɠɧɵɟ, 7 ࣓ ɉɨɞɬɚɺɠɧɵɟ, 8 ࣓ ɒɢɪɨɤɨɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɥɟɫɧɵɟ); ɋɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ (9 ࣓
Ʌɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɟ, 10 ࣓ ɋɬɟɩɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɭɯɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɟ)
)LJXUH6WDWLVWLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHVHQVLEOHKHDWIOX[,ODWHQWKHDWIOX[,,%RZHQUDWLR,,,
IURP-XQHWR$XJXVW
a) mean, b) standard deviation, c) coefficient of variation. The legend for southern borders of
landscape zones: 1 ࣓ Arctic; Subarctic (2 ࣓ Tundra, 3 ࣓ Forest tundra); Boreal (4 ࣓ North taiga, 5 ࣓
Middle taiga, 6 ࣓ South taiga, 7 ࣓ Subtaiga, 8 ࣓ Broad-leaved forest); Subboreal (9 ࣓ Forest steppe,
10 ࣓ Typical steppe and dry steppe)
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ
ɢɦɟɟɬɦɨɡɚɢɱɧɭɸɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɧɚȿɌɊɫɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜɩɨɞɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɢɲɢɪɨ
ɤɨɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɢɫ,ɜ ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɩɥɚɜɰɟɥɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣɄɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢɧɟɡɧɚɱɢ
ɬɟɥɟɧɧɚɫɟɜɟɪɟɢɸɝɟȿɌɊɊɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɯɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ
ɟɬɫɹɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɧɚȿɌɊɜɡɨɧɟɸɠɧɨɣɬɚɣɝɢɢɜɩɨɞɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ
ɌɪɟɧɞɵɩɨɬɨɤɚɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɪɚɡɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢȿɌɊɢɁɋ
ɪɢɫɚɢɧɚɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɈɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɬɪɟɧɞɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧɜ
ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜɢɜɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯȿɌɊ
ɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɜ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ȿɌɊ Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɁɋɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟɬɪɟɧɞɵɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɭɯɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɁɋɇɚɮɨɧɟɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ« ɬɪɟɧɞ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɥɟɬ
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɅɢɧɟɣɧɵɣɬɪɟɧɞɥɟɬɩɨɬɨɤɚɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɚɩɨɬɨɤɚɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɛ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹȻɨɭɷɧɚɜɡɚɢɸɧɶɚɜɝɭɫɬɝɝ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜɤɨɣ. ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1
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Significant trends are shown by hatching. For legend see Fig. 1
ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɪɢɫ,,ɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɦɟɧɟ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɧɚȿɌɊɢɁɋɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɹɫɶɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɤɚɤɜɫɟɜɟɪ
ɧɨɦɬɚɤɢɜɸɠɧɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢȺɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɜɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɭɯɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯɢɩɨɥɭɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɋɬɟɩɟɧɶɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɦɟɧɶɲɟɪɢɫ,,ɛɜɌɪɟɧɞɵɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚ
ɜɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɢ ɢɦɟɸɬɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɜɛɨɪɟɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɪɢɫɛ
Ʉɚɤɜɢɞɧɨɢɡɪɢɫ,,,ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɱɚɫɬɢɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟȻɨɭɷɧɚɧɟɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɱɬɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɜɥɚɠɧɵɣɤɥɢɦɚɬɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɫɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɬɟɩɥɵɦɥɟɬɨɦ
ɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɌȻɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧȺɇ
7LWNRYD7%=RORWRNU\OLQ$1
ȽɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜȻɭɞɵɤɨɉɪɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹȻɨɭɷɧɚɜɫɬɟɩɧɨɣɡɨɧɟ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬɫɭɯɨɫɬɶɤɥɢɦɚɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɜɥɚɠ
ɧɵɣɫɬɟɩɥɵɦɢɥɢɨɱɟɧɶɬɟɩɥɵɦɥɟɬɨɦȺɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɢɡɦɟɧ
ɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ Ȼɨɭɷɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ
ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɞ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɧɵɯɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɤɚɤɜɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɫɜɥɚɠɧɵɦɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɦɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɣɬɪɟɧɞɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹȻɨɭɷɧɚɪɢɫɜ
Ɂɨɧɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ
ɇɚɪɚɜɧɢɧɚɯɊɨɫɫɢɢɨɛɲɢɪɧɚɹɩɨɥɨɫɚɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɚ
ɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɫɸ ɡɨɧɭ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɬɚɣɝɢɢɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɟɤɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣɢɸɠɧɨɣɬɚɣɝɢɪɢɫɚɛ
ɗɬɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ
ɥɟɧɚɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɣɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɚɬɚɤɠɟɬɢɩɨɦɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɇɚɫɟɜɟɪɟɜɫɭɛɚɪ
ɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɹɹ ɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɚ
ɥɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɬɟɩɥɚɜ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭɉɪɢɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟɜɫɪɟɞɧɸɸɬɚɣɝɭɝɞɟɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬɯɜɨɣɧɵɟɜɟɱɧɨɡɟɥɟ
ɧɵɟɥɟɫɚɪɨɫɬɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɨɝɚȼɸɠɧɨɣ
ɬɚɣɝɟ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɝɭɫɬɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɷɜɚɩɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɹ:LOGHWDO(XJVWHUHWDOȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɬɟɩɥɚɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɦɟɠɞɭɷɬɢɦɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢɡɨɧɚɦɢ
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤȽɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɧɚɪɚɜɧɢɧɚɯɊɨɫɫɢɢɡɚɢɸɧɶ
ɚɜɝɭɫɬɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɟɧɚɲɢɪɨɬɵɢɞɨɥɝɨɬɵɡɚ
ɚ) ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɛ) ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ. ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1
)LJXUH+RUL]RQWDOJUDGLHQWVRIKHDWIOX[HVDWWKHSODLQVRI5XVVLDIURP-XQH
WR$XJXVWSHURIODWLWXGHDQGORQJLWXGH
a) sensible heat, b) latent heat. For legend see Fig. 1
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR
ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɜɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɫɭɯɨɣɫɬɟɩɢɧɚȿɌɊɢɜɫɬɟɩɹɯɁɋɫɦ
ɪɢɫɚȼɡɨɧɟɫɬɟɩɟɣɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬɩɨɬɨɤɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢɭɜɟɥɢɱɢ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɚɝɢɢɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹɫɭɦɦɚɥɟɬɧɢɯɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ*XR
=KDQJHWDO%RQDQɗɬɚɩɨɥɨɫɚɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɚ
ɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɥɟɬɧɟɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɚɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɸɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜɢɯɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ 1'9, ɷɜɚɩɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵɌɢɬ
ɤɨɜɚɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧ
Ɍɪɟɧɞɵ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ
Ɂɨɧɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫɨɩɪɹ
ɠɟɧɵ ɫ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ;;,ɜɟɤɚɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟɫɚɦɢɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɫɦɚɤɫɢ
ɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ
ɪɢɫɁɚɦɟɬɧɵɣɪɨɫɬɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɁɋɗɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɩɪɢ
ɦɨɡɚɢɱɧɨɦɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɇɚɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɞ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ
ɬɭɪɵɜɷɬɨɦɪɚɣɨɧɟɞɨɥɟɬɌɪɟɬɢɣ«ɚɬɚɤɠɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɜɲɢ
ɟɫɹɡɞɟɫɶɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢɥɟɬɧɢɯɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɢɸɧɟ
ɢɚɜɝɭɫɬɟɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧ
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɁɧɚɱɢɦɵɣɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣɬɪɟɧɞɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɥɟɬɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɡɚɢɸɧɶ
ɚɜɝɭɫɬɝɝ
ɚ) ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɛ) ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ. Ɍɪɟɧɞ ɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ > (<) 10%.
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1
)LJXUH6LJQLILFDQWOLQHDUWUHQGRIJUDGLHQWVɥɟɬRIKHDWIOX[HVIURP-XQH
WR$XJXVW
a) sensible heat, b) latent heat. The trend is significant at values > (<) 10%.
For legend see Fig. 1
ɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɌȻɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧȺɇ
7LWNRYD7%=RORWRNU\OLQ$1
Ɂɧɚɱɢɦɵɣɪɨɫɬɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɹɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ȿɌɊ ɫɬɟɩɶ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɶ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɡɚ ɝɝ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɱɬɨɩɪɢɜɟɥɨɤɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɪɨɫɬɭɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɱɜɵɢɷɜɚɩɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɫɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɍɢɬɤɨɜɚ Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵ
ɥɢɧ
Ɇɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛ
ɦɟɧɚɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯɡɨɧɚɯȿɌɊɢɁɋɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɁɧɚ
ɱɢɦɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɞ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɥɟɫɨɬɭɧɞɪɟɁɋɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɫɬɟɩɧɵɯɢɫɭɯɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯȿɌɊɢɁɋȽɨɪɢ
ɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣɬɪɟɧɞɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɜɡɨɧɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜȿɌɊɢɁɋɫ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɬɟɩɥɚɧɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɢɜɵɜɨɞɵ
ɇɚɪɚɜɧɢɧɚɯɊɨɫɫɢɢɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵɪɚɣɨɧɵɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɈɞɧɢɦɢɡɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɪɭɛɟɠɟɣ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ȿɌɊ ɢ Ɂɋ ɥɟɬɨɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɹɡɨɧɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɬɚɣɝɢɫɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɦɢɤɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɤɚɤɫɟɜɟɪ
ɧɨɣɬɚɤɢɸɠɧɨɣɬɚɣɝɢȼɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɡɞɟɫɶɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɤɜɚɡɢɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ
ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ
ɈɧɚɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢȿɌɊɜɡɨɧɟɸɠɧɨɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɥɟɫɨɜɛɥɢɠɟɤ
ɍɪɚɥɭɜɡɨɧɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɥɟɫɨɜɚɜɁɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɩɟɪɟ
ɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɬɚɟɠɧɵɦ ɥɟɫɚɦ Ɍɢɬɤɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ Ⱦɥɹ
ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɨȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ Ȼɚɪɞɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɵɤɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ
ɦɚɫɫ ȼɹɡɢɥɨɜɚ ȼɹɡɢɥɨɜ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɦ ɫ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ
ɬɟɩɥɵɦɥɟɬɨɦɢɦɹɝɤɨɣɡɢɦɨɣɈɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟȻɨɭɷɧɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɭɛɟɠ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɬɟɩɥɚɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɜɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɝɞɟɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬɩɨɬɨɤɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢ
ɪɭɸɳɟɣɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɚɝɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɭɦɦɚɥɟɬɧɢɯɨɫɚɞɤɨɜɁɞɟɫɶɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɝɪɚɞɢ
ɟɧɬɵ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɢɬɤɨɜɚ
ɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧɄɥɢɦɚɬɷɬɢɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɟɡɦɨɪɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɭɯɨɫɬɶɸ
ɈɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟȻɨɭɷɧɚɡɞɟɫɶɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɇɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ
;;,ɜɟɤɚɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟɫɚɦɢɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɫɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɪɚɞɢɟɧ
ɬɚɦɢɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚȼɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯɁɋɧɚɷɬɨɜɥɢ
ɹɟɬ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɞ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɹɦɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɌɪɟɬɢɣɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵ
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬʋ
)XQGDPHQWDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\YQR
ɥɢɧ ȼ ɫɭɛɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛ
ɦɟɧɚɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɪɨɫɬɥɟɬɧɢɯɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ
ɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧɅɟɬɧɟɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ
ɧɚɮɨɧɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɪɨɫɬɨɦɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪ
ɧɵɯɛɥɨɤɢɧɝɨɜɧɚɜɨɫɬɨɤɟȿɌɊɢɡɚɩɚɞɟɋɢɛɢɪɢȻɚɪɞɢɧȻɚɪɞɢɧ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯɡɨɧɚɯȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɊɨɫɫɢɢɢɁɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɡɚɥɟɬɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɫɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɬɪɟɧɞɨɦɢɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɨɦɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɚɹɜɧɨɟɬɟɩɥɨɛɫɤɪɵɬɨɟɬɟɩɥɨ
Ʌɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ: I ɥɟɫɨɬɭɧɞɪɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ, II ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɚɣɝɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, III ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɚɣɝɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ, IV ɫɬɟɩɶ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, V ɫɭɯɚɹ
ɫɬɟɩɶ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
)LJXUH&KDQJHVLQKRUL]RQWDOJUDGLHQWVRIKHDWIOX[HVLQVRPHODQGVFDSH]RQHVRIWKH(XURSHDQ
WHUULWRU\RI5XVVLDDQG:HVWHUQ6LEHULDIRUWKHVXPPHUSHULRGZLWKOLQHDUWUHQGDQGSRO\QRPLDO
RIGHJUHHDVHQVLEOHKHDWɛODWHQWKHDW
Landscape zones: I forest tundra of Western Siberia, II middle taiga of the European part of Russia,
III middle taiga of Western Siberia, IV steppe of the European part of Russia, V dry steppe
of the European part of Russia
ɌɢɬɤɨɜɚɌȻɁɨɥɨɬɨɤɪɵɥɢɧȺɇ
7LWNRYD7%=RORWRNU\OLQ$1
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ
ʋ 23-27-00047 «ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɯ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ» .
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ȼɚɪɞɢɧ Ɇɘ ɉɥɚɬɨɜɚ Ɍȼ ɋɚɦɨɯɢɧɚ ɈɎ Ⱦɨɥɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɵɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯɲɢɪɨɬɚɯɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭ
ɲɚɪɢɹɎɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ,ɬʋɫGRL
Ȼɚɪɞɢɧ Ɇɘ ɉɥɚɬɨɜɚ Ɍȼ ɋɚɦɨɯɢɧɚ ɈɎ ɂɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɜɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯɲɢɪɨɬɚɯɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɫGRL
Ȼɚɪɞɢɧ Ɇɘ ɉɥɚɬɨɜɚ Ɍȼ ɋɚɦɨɯɢɧɚ ɈɎ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ
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Ⱦɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ: 17.10.2023 ɝ.
ɉɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɤ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ: 06.11.2023 ɝ.
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